Production Process

Factory-owned since 2007 · Zellige de Fès Certified

Nine steps from
clay to your wall

Every tile you order begins in the clay quarries of Fez and passes through nine stages of handwork before it reaches you. Understanding this process helps you plan your project — and appreciate what you are actually buying.

9
Production steps
3–8 wk
Production time
1000+
Years of craft
100%
Handmade in Fez
Fez clay only
Sourced from local quarries — the same clay used for a thousand years
Hand-cut, not machined
Every shape cut by chisel. No laser, no water jet, no die-cut machine
Two firings minimum
Once for the clay body, once for the glaze — each requiring days in a traditional kiln
Zellige de Fès certified
Morocco’s official quality label. Only we carry it in the US market
01
Foundation

Clay Preparation

The journey begins in the clay quarries surrounding Fez — the only source used in authentic zellige. Once harvested, the raw clay is transferred to large mixing basins, combined with water, and worked until a perfectly smooth, homogeneous paste is formed.

The clay then rests for at least 48 hours. This is not optional. It allows the clay to reach consistent moisture content — which determines how cleanly it will cut and how evenly it will fire.

Why this matters: The mineral composition of Fez clay creates the characteristic luminosity in zellige glaze. Clay from other regions does not behave the same way — which is why the Zellige de Fès certification specifies local clay as a requirement.
Clay preparation in the quarries of Fez

Clay sourced exclusively from the quarries of Fez, mixed until homogeneous and rested 48 hours before shaping.

02
Shaping

Sun Drying & Moulding

The rested clay is pressed into rectangular wooden moulds measuring 10 cm × 20 cm (4″ × 8″). These bricks are laid out in the sun to dry for several days. The rate of drying depends on temperature and humidity — which is why production output varies seasonally.

Sun drying removes moisture at a rate that preserves structural integrity, preventing the micro-cracking that occurs with forced drying.

Seasonal note: Summer production moves faster. December and January can extend drying time — one reason lead times vary by season. We always give you an honest timeline when you order.
Clay bricks sun drying in Fez

Clay pressed into 4″×8″ wooden moulds, dried naturally in the Moroccan sun over several days.

03
Cutting to format

Forming the Tile

Once dried, the clay bricks are hand-cut into the two primary formats that define our range:

5 cm × 15 cm (2″ × 6″) — the terracotta format, for pavers, bejmat subway tiles, and floor tiles.

10 cm × 10 cm (4″ × 4″) — the zellige format, the base unit from which all our hand-cut ceramics and mosaics are made. Every star, hexagon, diamond, and geometric shape starts here.

Clay bricks cut into tile formats

Two formats: 2″×6″ terracotta bricks and 4″×4″ zellige squares. Everything we make begins with these.

04
First kiln

First Firing

The formed tiles are shade-dried again to remove all remaining surface moisture, then enter the kiln. The first firing starts at low temperature, gradually increasing until the clay body is fully vitrified.

This stage alone can take several days depending on kiln load. After the first firing, two product families emerge:

Natural Unglazed Terracotta — Terracotta Noble de FezNatural Unglazed Zellige — Zellij collection
First firing in a traditional Moroccan kiln

Traditional kiln firing — temperature controlled by the kiln master’s experience, not digital automation.

Unglazed terracotta and zellige after first firing

After the first firing: unglazed terracotta and unglazed zellige. Both can be sold at this stage or continue to glazing.

05
Colour

Glazing

Glazing is where colour is created. Our artisans hand-mix mineral oxide pigments — copper for greens and teals, cobalt for blues, iron for terracottas and reds, manganese for purples — into a glaze base. Each batch is slightly different. That variation is the signature of the handmade.

Tiles are glazed using traditional dip-glazing — each piece submerged by hand. This creates depth and movement in the glaze surface that spray or roll-application cannot replicate.

For custom colour orders, we produce a control sample for your approval before full production begins.

Custom colour: 80% of our orders involve a custom colourway. Send paint chips, fabric swatches, or Pantone references and we match them. Custom colour adds 2–3 weeks to production.
Traditional dip glazing of Moroccan zellige

Each tile submerged by hand in mineral oxide glaze. The depth of colour is created in this moment.

06
Second kiln

Second Firing

After glazing, tiles are stacked face-to-face and loaded into the beehive kiln for a second firing that sets the glaze permanently and develops the characteristic depth and luminosity of authentic zellige.

The kiln master reads the fire by sight and experience. There are no digital controls. Temperature and duration determine the final quality of the glaze.

Why tiles vary slightly: Natural variation in kiln temperature means adjacent tiles may differ subtly in glaze depth. This is normal — it is what distinguishes real zellige from manufactured replica.
Glazed tiles stacked in a traditional beehive kiln

Stacked inside the traditional beehive kiln. Temperature controlled by eye, not by dial.

07
Craftsmanship

Hand Cutting

This is the step that defines zellige. Using a maalem (chisel) and a small hammer, each glazed tile is hand-cut into its finished shape — squares, diamonds, stars, hexagons, triangles, lozenges, and complex interlocking geometric pieces.

The cut is made against the unglazed face, fracturing the clay precisely along the intended line. The slight imprecision of the hand creates the bevelled edges and varied joint widths characteristic of authentic zellige. No machine can replicate this.

A master cutter (maalem ezzellij) trains for 3–5 years before working production tiles.

Artisan hand cutting zellige with chisel

Hand-cutting with chisel and hammer. The bevelled edge created by the fracture is what gives zellige its light-catching quality.

08
Assembly

Mosaic Assembly

Individual cut pieces are assembled face-down onto a pattern template. Each piece is fitted by hand — selected for colour consistency, adjusted if needed, and set into the complete composition before backing.

We offer three assembly formats:

Loose tile: Individual cut pieces shipped flat. Installer assembles on site. Most economical; requires experienced zellige installation.

Standard interlocking panels (8″–18″): Pre-assembled for most tile patterns. Panels interlock edge-to-edge on site, reducing installation time 40–60%.

Custom fitted assembly (24″–36″): Panels pre-cut to your exact room dimensions in our factory. Each panel numbered and labelled. Installer places them in order — no mosaic experience required. Adds up to 8 weeks to production.

Installer note: Pre-assembled panels reduce on-site time 40–60% vs. loose tile. We can brief your installer directly on thinset selection and grouting. Contact us before installation day.
Artisans assembling mosaic panels in Fez workshop

Assembly in our Fez workshop. Pieces laid face-down onto a pattern template, selected by eye for colour consistency.

09
Final stage

QC, Packing & Shipping

Before packing, every order is inspected by our quality control team. Pieces that do not meet standard are pulled and remade — not shipped. This is what the Zellige de Fès certification requires.

We coordinate export documentation, customs clearance, and delivery scheduling directly.

Air freight (DHL): 5–10 business days from our factory.

Maritime freight: Approximately 6 weeks. Available for orders of 500 sq ft or more.

All sales are final. Every tile is custom made to order. We do not accept returns or exchanges. This is why we recommend ordering samples before committing, and why custom colour orders require control sample approval before production begins.
Quality control, packing and shipping

Each order inspected, cleaned, and packed before freight. We handle all export documentation from Morocco.

Panel assembly options

Three ways to receive your tile

Choose the format that suits your installer and project. All ship from our Fez factory. Custom dimensions available on request.

Loose tile
Individual cut pieces. Installer assembles on site. Most economical. Requires zellige installation experience.
8″–18″
Standard interlocking panels. Available for most patterns. Reduces install time 40–60%.
Bespoke
Any size, any shape. Complex layouts with corners, niches, arches. Contact us to scope.
Realistic timelines

How long does it take?

All timelines depend on order type and factory schedule. We confirm your specific timeline at order placement. Plan for 12 weeks before your installation date.

Order type Production Air (DHL) Maritime Lead time
Colour chip samples Stock Dispatched within 5 days 1–2 wks
Mosaic samples ~2 weeks 5–10 days 3–4 wks
Loose tile 3–4 weeks 5–10 days ~6 wks (500+ sq ft) 8–14 wks
Standard panels (8″–18″) 4–6 weeks 5–10 days ~6 wks (500+ sq ft) 10–16 wks
Custom fitted assembly (24″–36″) Up to 8 weeks 5–10 days ~6 wks (500+ sq ft) 14–18 wks
Custom colour order 6–8 weeks 5–10 days ~6 wks (500+ sq ft) 12–18 wks

Ready to start your project?

Every order is quoted individually. Share your dimensions and we respond within 24 hours with a price, a timeline, and a sample recommendation.